The Yoruba people, one of Africa’s most prominent ethnic groups, have a rich cultural heritage that extends far beyond the borders of Nigeria. Their influence, language, and traditions have spread across various parts of Africa due to historical migrations, trade, and other socio-political factors. Here are five African countries where the Yoruba people can be found, apart from Nigeria:
1. Benin Republic
Located west of Nigeria, Benin Republic is home to a significant Yoruba population, particularly in the country’s southeastern region. The Yoruba people in Benin share close cultural and linguistic ties with their Nigerian counterparts. The historical kingdom of Ketu, one of the original Yoruba kingdoms, is situated in present-day Benin, underscoring the deep roots of the Yoruba in this region. Yoruba customs, religious practices, and festivals are still widely observed in Benin, where the Yoruba community plays an influential role in local governance and culture.
2. Togo
Togo, a small West African country bordering Benin to the west, is another country where the Yoruba can be found. The Anago, a subgroup of the Yoruba, migrated to Togo centuries ago, and they have since integrated into the local culture while maintaining their distinct identity. The Anago community in Togo is known for its vibrant cultural expressions, including traditional music, dance, and religious practices that mirror those of the Yoruba in Nigeria.
3. Sierra Leone
In Sierra Leone, the Yoruba presence is primarily due to the transatlantic slave trade and subsequent repatriation of freed slaves. Many of these returnees were of Yoruba descent, and they established communities that preserved their cultural heritage. The Yoruba people in Sierra Leone, known locally as Oku, have significantly influenced the country’s religious landscape, especially in the adoption and spread of Islam. Today, the Yoruba culture remains an integral part of Sierra Leone’s diverse cultural mosaic.
4. Ghana
Ghana, a West African neighbour to Nigeria, is home to a considerable Yoruba community. The migration of Yoruba people to Ghana can be traced back to trade and commerce in the 19th century. The Yoruba in Ghana have integrated well into the society while still holding on to their language, traditions, and religion. Areas such as Accra and Kumasi have notable Yoruba populations, and the community is recognised for its contributions to the local economy, particularly in markets and commerce.
5. Ivory Coast (Côte d’Ivoire)
Ivory Coast is another West African country with a significant Yoruba population. The Yoruba community in Ivory Coast largely consists of descendants of traders and migrants who moved there in search of economic opportunities. In cities like Abidjan, the Yoruba have established thriving communities where they continue to practice their customs, speak the Yoruba language, and celebrate traditional festivals. The Yoruba in Ivory Coast are also known for their entrepreneurial spirit, which has helped them integrate and succeed in various sectors.