Africa, known for its diverse landscapes and rich cultural heritage, also boasts an impressive range of coastlines stretching along the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and the Red Sea. These coastlines play vital roles in trade, tourism, and economic development, shaping the livelihoods of millions. Below are some of the African countries with the longest coastlines and what makes them unique.
1. Madagascar – Over 4,800 kilometres
Madagascar, the world’s fourth-largest island, claims the longest coastline in Africa. Surrounded entirely by the Indian Ocean, its shores feature pristine beaches, coral reefs, and mangrove forests. The coastline supports thriving fishing communities and rich biodiversity, making the island a global hotspot for marine life. From Nosy Be to Tulear, Madagascar’s waters attract eco-tourists and researchers from across the world.
2. Somalia – Approximately 3,333 kilometres
Somalia has the longest mainland coastline in Africa, stretching along both the Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden. Its strategic location near the Horn of Africa gives it significant geopolitical and maritime importance. Despite years of instability, Somalia’s coastline remains one of the richest fishing grounds on the continent, with vast potential for tourism and shipping development.
3. South Africa – Around 2,798 kilometres
South Africa’s coastline extends from the border with Namibia in the west to Mozambique in the east, touching both the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. This unique position influences the country’s weather and biodiversity. Major cities such as Cape Town, Durban, and Port Elizabeth thrive along this coastline, which supports tourism, fishing, and international trade through world-class ports.
4. Mozambique – About 2,470 kilometres
Mozambique’s coastline along the Indian Ocean is known for its white sandy beaches and clear turquoise waters. It hosts several islands, including the Bazaruto and Quirimbas Archipelagos, popular for diving and marine exploration. The coastal economy is largely dependent on fishing, tourism, and natural gas exploration.
5. Egypt – Roughly 2,450 kilometres
Egypt’s coastline spans the Mediterranean Sea in the north and the Red Sea in the east. This dual access has made it a major maritime hub throughout history. Cities like Alexandria and Port Said sit along the Mediterranean, while the Red Sea resorts of Hurghada and Sharm El Sheikh attract millions of tourists each year. The Suez Canal, linking the two seas, remains one of the most critical maritime routes globally.
6. Eritrea – Approximately 2,234 kilometres
Located along the Red Sea, Eritrea’s coastline includes the beautiful Dahlak Archipelago, a group of islands rich in marine biodiversity. Its waters are relatively untouched, offering potential for eco-tourism and fisheries development. The coastline also serves as an important maritime link between Africa and the Middle East.
7. Namibia – About 1,572 kilometres
Namibia’s Atlantic coastline is strikingly scenic, characterised by the vast Namib Desert that stretches right to the ocean. The coastal towns of Walvis Bay and Swakopmund are centres for fishing, salt production, and adventure tourism. Despite its arid nature, the coastline teems with wildlife, including seals and seabirds.
8. Morocco – Around 1,835 kilometres
Morocco enjoys coastlines on both the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. This strategic position has shaped its history as a major trading nation. From the surf beaches of Agadir to the historic ports of Tangier and Casablanca, Morocco’s coast is a blend of modernity, culture, and commerce.
9. Libya – Roughly 1,770 kilometres
Situated along the Mediterranean Sea, Libya’s coastline is one of North Africa’s longest. It has been a crucial maritime route since ancient times, connecting Africa to Europe and the Middle East. While political instability has affected tourism, the Libyan coast remains rich in archaeological heritage, featuring ancient Roman and Greek ruins.
10. Kenya – About 1,420 kilometres
Kenya’s Indian Ocean coastline is famed for its tropical climate, coral reefs, and historic towns like Mombasa and Lamu. Tourism thrives here, with attractions such as the Swahili culture, marine parks, and dhow sailing. The port of Mombasa is also a key gateway for trade across East Africa.