Harmattan often brings cooler temperatures and relief from the sweltering heat. Its harsh climatic conditions can also pose significant health challenges. Below are common sicknesses associated with harmattan and practical ways to prevent them:
- Respiratory tract infections
The dusty atmosphere of harmattan is a breeding ground for respiratory illnesses, such as asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia. The dry air irritates the respiratory tract, while the fine dust particles exacerbate existing respiratory conditions.
Prevention tips:
- Wear face masks to reduce inhalation of dust.
- Keep windows and doors closed to limit dust entry into your home.
- Use air humidifiers or bowls of water in rooms to combat dryness.
- Stay hydrated to keep your airways moist.
- Allergies
Harmattan triggers various allergic reactions, such as sneezing, itchy eyes, and skin irritations. Those with a history of allergies are particularly vulnerable.
Prevention tips:
- Avoid exposure to dust by wearing protective clothing.
- Use prescribed antihistamines to manage symptoms.
- Regularly clean living spaces to minimise allergens.
- Skin dryness and Cracking
The dry, windy conditions of harmattan can strip the skin of its natural moisture, leading to dryness, cracking, and even eczema flare-ups.
Prevention tips:
- Apply moisturising lotions and lip balms to prevent dryness.
- Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated from within.
- Wear protective clothing, such as long sleeves, to shield the skin from harsh winds.
- Conjunctivitis (Apollo)
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as Apollo, becomes rampant during harmattan due to the increased presence of dust and irritants. This eye infection can cause redness, itching, and discomfort.
Prevention Tips:
- Avoid touching your eyes with unwashed hands.
- Use protective goggles when exposed to dusty environments.
- Regularly wash your face to clear off dust particles.
- Dehydration
The low humidity of harmattan can result in increased water loss from the body, leading to dehydration.
Prevention Tips:
- Increase your water intake, even if you do not feel thirsty.
- Incorporate hydrating fruits like watermelon and oranges into your diet.
- Limit caffeinated and alcoholic drinks, which can dehydrate you further.
- Cold and Flu
The chilly mornings and nights of harmattan often lead to an increase in colds and flu cases, especially among children and the elderly.
Prevention tips:
- Dress warmly to protect yourself from the cold.
- Consume immune-boosting foods, such as fruits rich in Vitamin C.
- Practise good hygiene by washing hands frequently and avoiding close contact with infected individuals.
As the adage goes, prevention is better than cure—be proactive and enjoy the cooler weather without compromising your health.